Which Army Publication Covers Rifle & Carbine Marksmanship?

Rifle & Carbine Marksmanship

Board Questions

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TC 3-22.9

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Private-Level Questions

Rifle & Carbine Marksmanship

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What TC covers rifle marksmanship for the M4?

TC 3-22.9

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What are the 8 phases of the cycle of function?

Feeding, Chambering, Locking, Firing, Unlocking, Extracting, Ejecting, and Cocking.

Para. 2-9 (Page 38)

Rifle & Carbine Marksmanship

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What is the primary safety of the m4?

The soldier

Para. 1-2 (Page 22)

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What does a "Green" safety status mean?

Selector on safe, No magazine, chamber is empty.

Para. 1-18 (Page 24)

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What does an "Amber" safety Status mean?

Selector on safe, Magazine in, chamber is empty.

Para. 1-18 (Page 24)

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What does a "Red" safety status mean?

Selector on safe, Magazine in, chamber is loaded.

Para. 1-18 (Page 25)

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What does a "Black" safety status mean?

Selector on Fire, Magazine in, chamber is loaded.

Para. 1-18 (Page 25)

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What is the standard zeroing range with Iron Sights?

25 meters

Para. E-6 (Page 216)

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What is workspace management?

The 12 to 18 inch spherical area near the soldier's chin where the majority of weapon manipulations take place.

Para. 8-10 (Page 142)

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What are the 3 different firing modes for the M4, not including safe.

Semi aka semi automatic, Automatic, and Burst.

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What does PMI stand for?

Preliminary Marksmanship Instruction

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What is the circle size for a Soldier to qualify a good grouping?

4 centimeters

Figure E-2 (Page 219)

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What is immediate action?

Simple and rapid action taken to clear a stoppage without diagnosing what caused it.

Para. 8-29 (Page 146)

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What is remedial action?

Deliberate actions taken once immediate action fails to diagnose and correct what caused the stoppage.

Para. 8-29 (Page 146)

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What are the 4 fundamentals of marksmanship? Aka, what are the 4 things you need to focus on to shoot accurately?

Breathing, trigger squeeze, steady position, and proper sight picture.

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What is "Target Acquisition"?

The process of seeing, identifying, and engaging the enemy/enemies.

Para. 1-26 (Page 31)

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What is a wobble area?

The natural, unavoidable slight movement of your sights.

Para. 6-6 (Page 94)

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How can a soldier decrease their wobble area?

By creating a stable firing position, breath control, muscle relaxation, and proper grip.

Para. 6-6 (Page 94)

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What is "sight picture"?

The placement of the aligned sights on the target.

Para. 5-3 (Page 83)

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When grouping, what is likely wrong if a soldier's shots are missing in a side-to-side (lateral) pattern on the paper?

Trigger control.

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When grouping, what is likely wrong if a soldier's shots are missing in a up and down (vertical) pattern on the paper?

Breathing control.

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What is a cook off?

When the barrel is hot enough to cause a round to ignite on it's own.

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Where should your eye be focused when aiming?

On the front sight.

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What distance should your ironsight be set at when zeroing at 25 meters?

300 meters.

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Which comes first, grouping or zeroing?

Grouping.

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What should you do if you squeeze the trigger, hear a audible click, but the round doesn't fire?

Immediate action to clear the round from the weapon. Rack the charging handle, tap the forward assist, and reassess by squeezing the trigger.

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What is a sector of fire?

The cone of sight where the soldier is in charge of monitoring.

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What is a stove pipe?

When either a feeding cartridge or an expended cartridge case is pushed sideways and lodges itself between the face of the bolt and the ejection port.

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What is a double feed?

When a round is chambered and not fired and a subsequent round is being fed.

Private Second Class Difficulty Board Questions

Private Second Class-Level Questions

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Rifle & Carbine Marksmanship

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What is Minute of Angle?

1 60th of a degree. It is used to measure adjustments in aim for the purposes of zeroing.

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At a distance of 100 meters, how many inches will your shot move with a 1 minute of Angle change?

Approximately 1 inch.

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At a distance of 200 meters, how many inches will your shot move with a 3 minute of Angle change?

Approximately 6 inches.

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What is the maximum effective range for the m4 on a point target?

500 meters

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What is the maximum effective range of the m4 on an area target?

600 meters

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What is zeroing?

Zeroing is aligning the sight of the weapon with the weapon’s barrel.

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What is grouping?

Firing tight shot groups and placing those groups in the same location. Required before making accurate zeroing adjustments.

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What does LFX stand for?

Live fire exercise

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What is the BUIS and what is its purpose?

Back Up Iron Sights. To be used if the primary optic fails.

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What is a stoppage?

Any failure of a weapon to complete its cycle of operation.

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What is the acronym to remember Remedial Action for the M4?

SPORTS

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What does the acronym SPORTS stand for?

Slap, pull, observe, release, tap, squeeze

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Describe each step of SPORTS.

Slap the magazine, pull the charging handle, observe the ejection of a round or cartridge, release the charging handle without riding it forward, tap the forward assist, squeeze the trigger.

Rifle & Carbine Marksmanship

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Describe the steps of immediate action on the M4.

Slap, rack, reassess. Slap the magazine, rack the charging handle, and refire.

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What are the three phases of target acquisition?

Detection, Identification, and Prioritization.

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What is target detection?

Seeing and realizing a potential target.

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What is target identification?

Processing whether the potential target is a threat, a friend, or a non-combatant.

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What is target prioritization?

Determining which threats are the most dangerous and who you should shoot first.

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What is "point of impact"?

The desired location of the strike of the round to achieve the desired outcome.

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What is "sight alignment"?

The relationship between the aiming device and the firer’s eye.

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What is windage velocity?

How quickly the wind is moving.

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What is windage direction?

The direction the wind is blowing.

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What is windage value?

The amount of effect the wind speed and direction will have on the projectile.

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If the human-sized target appears to be the same width as the front site post, how far away is the target?

300 meters

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What are the three categorization of potential targets in target identification?

Friend, Foe, and Noncombatant.

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What is the desired point of impact?

The location where you want to round to hit.

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What is the point of aim?

The location where you aim. In an experienced shooter, it starts with the desired point of impact, and changed based on distance, wind speed, and other holds.

Rifle & Carbine Marksmanship

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What is "natural point of aim"?

The point where the barrel naturally orients when the shooter’s muscles are relaxed and support is achieved.

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What is a bolt override?

When the bolt fails to push a new cartridge out of the magazine during feeding or chambering, causing the bolt to ride on top of the cartridge.

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What should you do in the event of a cook off with an M4?

Point the weapon in a safe direction, drop the magazine, and rack the charging handle to clear the chambered round. Allow the barrel to cool.

Private First Class Difficulty Board Questions

Private First Class-Level Questions

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What are the 2 functions of a flash hider?

Reduce weapon signature and reduce barrel lift.

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What is overmatch?

Overmatch is the Soldier applying their learned skills, employing their equipment, leveraging technology, and applying the proper force to create an unfair fight in favor of the Soldier.

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Explain the difference between thermals and night vision

Night vision uses infrared light, which humans can't see, to illuminate objects. Thermal imaging detects heat signatures.

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What does LMTS stand for?

Laser Marksmanship Training System

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What does EST 2000 stand for?

Engagement Skills Trainer 2000

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What are the 2 purposes of the LMTS and EST 2000?

To group and zero faster, and give additional training and familiarization with the weapon.

Rifle & Carbine Marksmanship

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What are the 5 textbook descriptions of the M4?

The m4 is a 5.56 millimeter, magazine fed, shoulder fired, gas operated, air cooled carbine.

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What is the weight of an M4 with a 30 round magazine?

7.5 Lbs

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What is the maximum range of an M4/M16?

3600 meters

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What is the muzzle velocity of an M4?

2,970 feet per second

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What does ACOG stand for?

Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight

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What are the 4 most common malfunctions of the m4?

Failure to feed, failure to fire, failure to extract, and failure to eject.

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What is a laser boresight?

An eye-safe laser that is used to boresight optics, iron sights, and aiming lasers.

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What is drag?

The air resistance that slows a bullet down.

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What does a battlesight zero allow the soldier to do?

Shoot accurately.

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How do you correct a stove pipe?

Grasp case and attempt to remove, cycle weapon and attempt to fire. If this fails, pull charging handle to the rear while holding case.

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How do you correct a double feed?

Remove the magazine, clear the weapon, confirm the chamber area is clear, secure a new loaded magazine into the magazine well, and chamber and lock a round.

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How do you correct a bolt override?

Remove magazine. Pull charging handle as far rearward as possible. Strike charging handle forward. If this fails, pull charging handle to the rear a second time, use tool or finger to hold the bolt to the rear, sharply send charging handle forward.

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When prioritizing targets, what are the three things you need to consider to determine the greatest threat?

Near before far, frontal before flank, and stationary before moving.

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What are the three phases of the shot process?

Pre-shot, shot, and post-shot.

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What type of light do NODs see?

Infrared

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What are the 6 carry positions?

Hang, safe hang, collapsed low ready, low ready, high ready, and ready.

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What is the "Front Sight Post Method" of determining distance?

If a human appears wider than the front sight post, they are closer than 300 meters. If they are smaller than the front sight post, they are farther away than 300 meters.

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When should you use the Hang carry position?

When the soldier needs to use their hands for other activities and no threat is present.

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When should you use the Safe Hang carry position?

When no immediate threat is present and the hands are not necessary.

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When should you use the Collapsed Low Ready carry position?

When a greater degree of muzzle control and readiness to respond to threats or weapon retention is necessary.

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When should you use the Low Ready carry position?

When contact with threats is likely and an increased field of view is necessary.

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When should you use the High Ready carry position?

When contact with threats is likely and you must avoid flagging friendlies, or the threat is overhead.

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When should you use the Ready carry position?

When contact is imminent, and direction of the target is known/easily predictable.

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What is the term for having another soldier observe the firer while firing to look for errors and give corrections?

Coaching

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What is the term for the relationship between the shooter's upper body and the direction the weapon is pointed?

The shooter-gun angle

Specialist-Level Questions

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What does "Weapons Hold" weapon control status mean?

Engage only if engaged or ordered to engage.

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What does "Weapons Tight" weapon control status mean?

Engage only if target is positively identified as enemy.

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What does "Weapons Free" weapon control status mean?

Engage targets not positively identified as friendly.

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Why does the M4 use 25 meters to zero when it's actually set at 300 meters?

Because the line of sight is a straight line, and the arc that the bullet travels intersects that line twice.

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What are the 3 phases of ballistics?

Internal, External, and Terminal.

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What are internal ballistics?

The physics of what happens to a round inside the m4, before it leaves the barrel.

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What are external ballistics?

The physics of what happens to a round as it flies through the air, from leaving the barrel until it touches the target.

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What are terminal ballistics?

The physics of what happens to a round after it touches a target and tears through it, deflects off of it, or flattens against it.

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What are the five phases of rifle marksmanship training/basic rifle marksmanship (BRM)?

1. Preliminary Marksmanship Instruction (PMI). 2. Downrange feedback range firing. 3. Field firing. 4. Advanced Rifle Marksmanship (ARM). 5. Advanced optics, lasers, and iron sights. Use the mnemonic PDFAA

Rifle & Carbine Marksmanship

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How can you determine the wind speed is 0-3 miles per hour?

The wind is not felt, but smoke drifts.

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How can you determine the wind speed is 3-5 miles per hour?

The wind is felt lightly on the face.

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How can you determine the wind speed is 5-8 miles per hour?

Leaves on trees begin to move.

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How can you determine the wind speed is 8-12 miles per hour?

Dust and loose paper begin to raise.

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How can you determine the wind speed is 12-15 miles per hour?

Small trees begin to sway.

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What are the three windage factors?

Velocity, direction, and value.

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What is maximum ordinate?

The maximum height the projectile will travel above the line of sight on its path to the point of impact.

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What is the maximum ordinate for the M4?

12.1 inches

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How many sandbags can a .556 round penetrate through when fired from the M4?

None.

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How thick does non-reinforced concrete need to be to stop a .556 round from penetrating?

2 inches.

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Will an empty ammo can stop a .556 round?

No.

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Will an ammo can filled with sand stop a .556 round?

Yes

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Will a glass windowpane stop a .556 round that impacts at a 90 degree angle?

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Will a glass windowpane stop a .556 round that impacts at a 45 degree angle?

Yes, but beware the shattered glass fragments thrown behind the pane on impact.

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What are the two types of wound cavities caused when soft tissue is struck by a bullet?

Permanent and temporary.

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What is the difference between a switch (aka circuitry) shot and a timer (aka hydraulic) shot?

A switch shot immediately incapacitates a target, and a timer shot hits the target in a way that they will incapacitate slowly. Does the target "switch off" or do they lose "hydraulic" blood pressure, meaning they can still fight until they expire.

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What are the 4 parts of the pre-shot phase?

Position, natural point of aim, sight alignment/picture, and hold.

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What are the 3 parts of the shot phase?

Refine aim, breathing control, and trigger control.

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What are the 4 parts of the post-shot phase?

Follow-through, recoil management, call the shot, and evaluate.

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What does TACSOP stand for?

Tactical Standard Operating Procedure.

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What are the two types of coaches?

Experienced Coach and Peer Coach.

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What is the mean point of impact?

The center of the shot group.

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How do you precisely calculate the mean point of impact?

Add together the horizontal distance of all 5 shots and divide it by 5. Then do the same with the vertical distance from the center.

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What are the two biggest considerations when attempting a headshot?

The head is the smallest body part, and is the most frequently moved part of the body, making it difficult to hit.